Trademark, Intellectual Property and Web Domain Registration Information
Class 1
Chemicals for use in industry, science and photography, as well as in agriculture, horticulture and forestry; unprocessed artificial resins, unprocessed plastics; fire extinguishing and fire prevention compositions; tempering and soldering preparations; substances for tanning animal skins and hides; adhesives for use in industry; putties and other paste fillers; compost, manures, fertilizers; biological preparations for use in industry and science.
Class 2
Paints, varnishes, lacquers; preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood; colorants, dyes; inks for printing, marking and engraving; raw natural resins; metals in foil and powder form for use in painting, decorating, printing and art.
Class 3
Non-medicated cosmetics and toiletry preparations; non-medicated dentifrices; perfumery, essential oils; bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations.
Class 4
Industrial oils and greases, wax; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting.
Class 5
Pharmaceuticals, medical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies; dietary supplements for human beings and animals; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides.
Class 6
Common metals and their alloys, ores; metal materials for building and construction; transportable buildings of metal; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; small items of metal hardware; metal containers for storage or transport; safes.
Class 7
Machines, machine tools, power-operated tools; motors and engines, except for land vehicles; machine coupling and transmission components, except for land vehicles; agricultural implements, other than hand-operated hand tools; incubators for eggs; automatic vending machines.
Class 8
Hand tools and implements, hand-operated; cutlery; side arms, except firearms; razors.
Class 9
Scientific, research, navigation, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; recorded and downloadable media, computer software, blank digital or analogue recording and storage media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating devices; computers and computer peripheral devices; diving suits, divers masks, ear plugs for divers, nose clips for divers and swimmers, gloves for divers, breathing apparatus for underwater swimming; fire-extinguishing apparatus
Class 10
Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments; artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopaedic articles; suture materials; therapeutic and assistive devices adapted for persons with disabilities; massage apparatus; apparatus, devices and articles for nursing infants; sexual activity apparatus, devices and articles.
Class 11
Apparatus and installations for lighting, heating, cooling, steam generating, cooking, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes.
Class 12
Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water.
Class 13
Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives; fireworks.
Class 14
Precious metals and their alloys; jewellery, precious and semi-precious stones; horological and chronometric instruments.
Class 15
Musical instruments; music stands and stands for musical instruments; conductors batons.
Class 16
Paper and cardboard; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery and office requisites, except furniture; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; drawing materials and materials for artists; paintbrushes; instructional and teaching materials; plastic sheets, films and bags for wrapping and packaging; printers type, printing blocks.
Class 17
Unprocessed and semi-processed rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and substitutes for all these materials; plastics and resins in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal.
Class 18
Leather and imitations of leather; animal skins and hides; luggage and carrying bags; umbrellas and parasols; walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery; collars, leashes and clothing for animals.
Class 19
Materials, not of metal, for building and construction; rigid pipes, not of metal, for building; asphalt, pitch, tar and bitumen; transportable buildings, not of metal; monuments, not of metal.
Class 20
Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; containers, not of metal, for storage or transport; unworked or semi-worked bone, horn, whalebone or mother-of-pearl; shells; meerschaum; yellow amber.
Class 21
Household or kitchen utensils and containers; cookware and tableware, except forks, knives and spoons; combs and sponges; brushes, except paintbrushes; brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; unworked or semi-worked glass, except building glass; glassware, porcelain and earthenware.
Class 22
Ropes and string; nets; tents and tarpaulins; awnings of textile or synthetic materials; sails; sacks for the transport and storage of materials in bulk; padding, cushioning and stuffing materials, except of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastics; raw fibrous textile materials and substitutes therefor.
Class 23
Yarns and threads for textile use.
Class 24
Textiles and substitutes for textiles; household linen; curtains of textile or plastic.
Class 25
Clothing, footwear, headwear.
Class 26
Lace, braid and embroidery, and haberdashery ribbons and bows; buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers; hair decorations; false hair.
Class 27
Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings, not of textile.
Class 28
Games, toys and playthings; video game apparatus; gymnastic and sporting articles; decorations for Christmas trees.
Class 29
Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs; milk, cheese, butter, yogurt and other milk products; oils and fats for food.
Class 30
Coffee, tea, cocoa and substitutes therefor; rice, pasta and noodles; tapioca and sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, pastries and confectionery; chocolate; ice cream, sorbets and other edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, seasonings, spices, preserved herbs; vinegar, sauces and other condiments; ice (frozen water).
Class 31
Raw and unprocessed agricultural, aquacultural, horticultural and forestry products; raw and unprocessed grains and seeds; fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh herbs; natural plants and flowers; bulbs, seedlings and seeds for planting; live animals; foodstuffs and beverages for animals; malt.
Class 32
Beers; non-alcoholic beverages; mineral and aerated waters; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making non-alcoholic beverages.
Class 33
Alcoholic beverages, except beers; alcoholic preparations for making beverages.
Class 34
Tobacco and tobacco substitutes; cigarettes and cigars; electronic cigarettes and oral vaporizers for smokers; smokers articles; matches.
Class 35
Advertising; business management, organization and administration; office functions.
Class 36
Financial, monetary and banking services; insurance services; real estate services.
Class 37
Construction services; installation and repair services; mining extraction, oil and gas drilling.
Class 38
Telecommunications services.
Class 39
Transport; packaging and storage of goods; travel arrangement.
Class 40
Treatment of materials; recycling of waste and trash; air purification and treatment of water; printing services; food and drink preservation.
Class 41
Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities.
Class 42
Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis, industrial research and industrial design services; quality control and authentication services; design and development of computer hardware and software.
Class 43
Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation.
Class 44
Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; agriculture, aquaculture, horticulture and forestry services.
Class 45
Legal services; security services for the physical protection of tangible property and individuals; dating services, online social networking services; funerary services; babysitting.
Class 1
Chemicals for use in industry, science and photography, as well as in agriculture, horticulture and forestry; unprocessed artificial resins, unprocessed plastics; fire extinguishing and fire prevention compositions; tempering and soldering preparations; substances for tanning animal skins and hides; adhesives for use in industry; putties and other paste fillers; compost, manures, fertilizers; biological preparations for use in industry and science.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• sensitized paper;
• tyre repairing compositions;
• salt for preserving, other than for foodstuffs;
• certain additives for use in the food industry, for example, pectin, lecithin, enzymes and chemical preservatives.
• certain ingredients for use in the manufacture of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, for example, vitamins, preservatives and antioxidants;
•certain filtering materials, for example, mineral substances, vegetable substances and ceramic materials in particulate form.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• raw natural resins (Cl. 2), semi-processed resins (Cl. 17);
• chemical preparations for medical or veterinary purposes (Cl. 5);
• fungicides, herbicides and preparations for destroying vermin (Cl. 5);
• adhesives for stationery or household purposes (Cl. 16);
• salt for preserving foodstuffs (Cl. 30);
• straw mulch (Cl. 31).
Class 2
Paints, varnishes, lacquers; preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood; colorants, dyes; inks for printing, marking and engraving; raw natural resins; metals in foil and powder form for use in painting, decorating, printing and art.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• paints, varnishes and lacquers for industry, handicrafts and arts;
• thinners, thickeners, fixatives and siccatives for paints, varnishes and lacquers;
• mordants for wood and leather;
• anti-rust oils and oils for the preservation of wood;
• dyestuffs for clothing;
• colorants for foodstuffs and beverages.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• unprocessed artificial resins (Cl. 1), semi-processed resins (Cl. 17);
• mordants for metals (Cl. 1);
• laundry blueing (Cl. 3);
• cosmetic dyes (Cl. 3);
• paint boxes (articles for use in school)(Cl. 16);
• inks for stationery purposes (Cl. 16);
• insulating paints and varnishes (Cl. 17).
Class 3
Non-medicated cosmetics and toiletry preparations; non-medicated dentifrices; perfumery, essential oils; bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• sanitary preparations being toiletries;
• tissues impregnated with cosmetic lotions;
• deodorants for human beings or for animals;
• room fragrancing preparations;
• nail art stickers;
• polishing wax;
• sandpaper.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• ingredients for use in the manufacture of cosmetics, for example, vitamins, preservatives and antioxidants (Cl. 1);
• degreasing preparations for use in manufacturing processes (Cl. 1);
• chemical chimney cleaners (Cl. 1);
• deodorants, other than for human beings or for animals (Cl. 5);
• medicated shampoos, soaps, lotions and dentifrices (Cl. 5);
• emery boards, emery files, sharpening stones and grindstones (hand tools) (Cl. 8);
• cosmetic and cleaning instruments, for example, make-up brushes (Cl. 21), cloths, pads and rags for cleaning (Cl. 21).
Class 4
Industrial oils and greases, wax; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• oils for the preservation of masonry or of leather;
• raw wax, industrial wax;;
• electrical energy;
• motor fuels, biofuels;
• non-chemical additives for fuels;
• wood for use as fuel.
Class 5
Pharmaceuticals, medical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies; dietary supplements for human beings and animals; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• sanitary preparations for personal hygiene, other than toiletries;
• diapers for babies and for incontinence;
• deodorants, other than for human beings or for animals;
• medicated shampoos, soaps, lotions and dentifrices;
• dietary supplements intended to supplement a normal diet or to have health benefits;
• meal replacements and dietetic food and beverages adapted for medical or veterinary use.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• ingredients for use in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, for example, vitamins, preservatives and antioxidants (Cl. 1);
• sanitary preparations being non-medicated toiletries (Cl. 3);
• deodorants for human beings or for animals (Cl. 3);
• support bandages, orthopaedic bandages (Cl. 10);
• meal replacements and dietetic food and beverages not specified as being for medical or veterinary use, which should be classified in the appropriate food or beverage classes, for example, low-fat potato crisps (Cl. 29), high-protein cereal bars (Cl. 30), isotonic beverages (Cl. 32).
Class 6
Common metals and their alloys, ores; metal materials for building and construction; transportable buildings of metal; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; small items of metal hardware; metal containers for storage or transport; safes.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• metals in foil or powder form for further processing, for example, for 3D printers;
• metal building materials, for example, materials of metal for railway tracks, pipes and tubes of metal;
• small items of metal hardware, for example, bolts, screws, nails, furniture casters, window fasteners;
• transportable buildings or structures of metal, for example, prefabricated houses, swimming pools, cages for wild animals, skating rinks;
• certain dispensing apparatus of metal, automatic or non-automatic, for example, towel dispensers, queue ticket dispensers, dispensers for dog waste bags, toilet paper dispensers;
• certain goods made of common metals not otherwise classified by function or purpose, for example, all-purpose boxes of common metal, statues, busts and works of art of common metal.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• metals and ores used as chemicals in industry or scientific research for their chemical properties, for example, bauxite, mercury, antimony, alkaline and alkaline-earth metals (Cl. 1);
• metals in foil and powder form for use in painting, decorating, printing and art (Cl. 2);
• certain dispensing apparatus that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, fluid dispensing machines for industrial use (Cl. 7), ticket dispensing terminals, electronic (Cl. 9), dosage dispensers for medical use (Cl. 10), adhesive tape dispensers (Cl. 16);
• electric cables (Cl. 9) and non-electric cables and ropes, not of metal (Cl. 22);
• pipes being parts of sanitary installations (Cl. 11), flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal (Cl. 17) and rigid pipes, not of metal (Cl. 19);
• cages for household pets (Cl. 21);
• certain goods made of common metals that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, hand tools, hand-operated (Cl. 8), paper clips (Cl. 16), furniture (Cl. 20), kitchen utensils (Cl. 21), household containers (Cl. 21).
Class 7
Machines, machine tools, power-operated tools; motors and engines, except for land vehicles; machine coupling and transmission components, except for land vehicles; agricultural implements, other than hand-operated hand tools; incubators for eggs; automatic vending machines.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• parts of motors and engines of all kinds, for example, starters, mufflers and cylinders for motors and engines of any type;
• electric cleaning and polishing apparatus, for example, electric shoe polishers, electric machines and apparatus for carpet shampooing and vacuum cleaners;
• 3D printers;
• industrial robots;
• certain special vehicles not for transportation purposes, for example, road sweeping machines, road making machines, bulldozers, snow ploughs, as well as rubber tracks as parts of those vehicles crawlers.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• hand tools and implements, hand-operated (Cl. 8);
• humanoid robots with artificial intelligence, laboratory robots, teaching robots, security surveillance robots (Cl. 9), surgical robots (Cl. 10), robotic cars (Cl. 12),robotic drums (Cl. 15), toy robots (Cl. 28);
• motors and engines for land vehicles (Cl. 12);
• treads for vehicles, as well as tyres for all kinds of vehicle wheels (Cl. 12);
• certain special machines, for example, automated teller machines (Cl. 9), respirators for artificial respiration (Cl. 10), refrigerating apparatus and machines (Cl. 11).
Class 8
Hand tools and implements, hand-operated; cutlery; side arms, except firearms; razors.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• hand-operated agricultural, gardening and landscaping tools;
• hand-operated tools for carpenters, artists and other craftspersons, for example, hammers, chisels and gravers;
• handles for hand-operated hand tools, such as knives and scythes;
• electric and non-electric hand implements for personal grooming and body art, for example, razors, implements for hair curling, tattooing, and for manicure and pedicure;
• hand-operated pumps;
• table cutlery, such as knives, forks and spoons, including those made of precious metals.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• machine tools and implements driven by a motor (Cl. 7);
• surgical cutlery (Cl. 10);
• pumps for bicycle tyres (Cl. 12), pumps specially adapted for use with balls for games (Cl. 28);
• side arms being firearms (Cl. 13);
• paper knives and paper shredders for office use (Cl. 16);
• handles for objects that are classified in various classes according to their function or purpose, for example, walking stick handles, umbrella handles (Cl. 18), broom handles (Cl. 21);
• serving utensils, for example, sugar tongs, ice tongs, pie servers and serving ladles, and kitchen utensils, for example, mixing spoons, pestles and mortars, nutcrackers and spatulas (Cl. 21);
• fencing weapons (Cl. 28).
Class 9
Scientific, research, navigation, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, audiovisual, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; recorded and downloadable media, computer software, blank digital or analogue recording and storage media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating devices; computers and computer peripheral devices; diving suits, divers masks, ear plugs for divers, nose clips for divers and swimmers, gloves for divers, breathing apparatus for underwater swimming; fire-extinguishing apparatus.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• apparatus and instruments for scientific research in laboratories;
• training apparatus and simulators, for example, resuscitation mannequins, simulators for the steering and control of vehicles;
• apparatus and instruments for controlling and monitoring aircraft, watercraft and unmanned vehicles, for example, navigational instruments, transmitters, compasses for measuring, GPS apparatus, automatic steering apparatus for vehicles;
• safety and security apparatus and instruments, for example, safety nets, signalling lights, traffic-light apparatus, fire engines, sound alarms, security tokens being encryption devices;
• clothing that protects against serious or life-threatening injuries, for example, clothing for protection against accidents, irradiation and fire, bullet-proof clothing, protective helmets, head guards for sports, mouth guards for sports, protective suits for aviators, knee-pads for workers;
• optical apparatus and instruments, for example, eyeglasses, contact lenses, magnifying glasses, mirrors for inspecting work, peepholes;
• magnets;
• smartwatches, wearable activity trackers;
• joysticks for use with computers, other than for video games, virtual reality headsets, smartglasses;
• eyeglass cases, cases for smartphones, cases especially made for photographic apparatus and instruments;
• automated teller machines, invoicing machines, material testing instruments and machines;
• batteries and chargers for electronic cigarettes;
• electric and electronic effects units for musical instruments;
• laboratory robots, teaching robots, security surveillance robots, humanoid robots with artificial intelligence for use in scientific research.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• joysticks being parts of machines, other than for game machines (Cl. 7), vehicle joysticks (Cl. 12), joysticks for video games, controllers for toys and game consoles (Cl. 28);
• coin-operated apparatus that are classified in various classes according to their function or purpose, for example, coin-operated washing machines (Cl. 7), coin-operated billiard tables (Cl. 28);
• industrial robots (Cl. 7), surgical robots (Cl. 10), toy robots (Cl. 28);
• pulse meters, heart rate monitoring apparatus, body composition monitors (Cl. 10);
• laboratory lamps, laboratory burners (Cl. 11);
• diving lights (Cl. 11);
• explosive fog signals, signal rocket flares (Cl. 13);
• histological sections for teaching purposes, biological samples for use in microscopy as teaching materials (Cl. 16);
• clothing and equipment worn for the practice of certain sports, for example, protective paddings being parts of sports suits, fencing masks, boxing gloves (Cl. 28).
Class 10
Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments; artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopaedic articles; suture materials; therapeutic and assistive devices adapted for persons with disabilities; massage apparatus; apparatus, devices and articles for nursing infants; sexual activity apparatus, devices and articles.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• support bandages, orthopaedic bandages;
• special clothing for medical purposes, for example, compression garments, stockings for varices, strait jackets, orthopaedic footwear;
• articles, instruments and devices for menstruation, contraception and childbirth, for example, menstrual cups, pessaries, condoms, childbirth mattresses, forceps;
• therapeutic and prosthetic articles and devices for implantation made of artificial or synthetic materials, for example, surgical implants comprised of artificial materials, artificial breasts, brain pacemakers, biodegradable bone fixation implants;
• furniture especially made for medical purposes, for example, armchairs for medical or dental purposes, air mattresses for medical purposes, operating tables.
Class 11
Apparatus and installations for lighting, heating, cooling, steam generating, cooking, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposesExplanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• air-conditioning apparatus and installations;
• ovens, other than for laboratory use, for example, dental ovens, microwave ovens, bakers ovens;
• stoves being heating apparatus;
• solar thermal collectors;
• chimney flues, chimney blowers, hearths, domestic fireplaces;
• sterilizers, incinerators;
• lighting apparatus and installations, for example, luminous tubes for lighting, searchlights, luminous house numbers, vehicle reflectors, lights for vehicles;
• lamps, for example, electric lamps, gas lamps, laboratory lamps, oil lamps, street lamps, safety lamps;
• tanning beds;
• bath installations, bath fittings, bath plumbing fixtures;
• toilets, urinals;
• fountains, chocolate fountains;
• electrically heated pads, cushions and blankets, not for medical purposes;
• hot water bottles;
• electrically heated clothing;
• electric appliances for making yogurt, bread-making machines, coffee machines, ice-cream making machines;
• ice machines and apparatus.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• steam producing apparatus being parts of machines (Cl. 7);
• air condensers (Cl. 7);
• current generators, generators of electricity (Cl. 7);
• soldering lamps (Cl. 7), optical lamps, darkroom lamps (Cl. 9), lamps for medical purposes (Cl. 10);
• ovens for laboratory use (Cl. 9);
• photovoltaic cells (Cl. 9);
• signalling lights (Cl. 9);
• electrically heated pads, cushions and blankets, for medical purposes (Cl. 10);
• portable baby baths (Cl. 21);
• non-electric portable coolers (Cl. 21);
• cooking utensils that do not have an integrated heat source, for example, non-electric griddles and grills, non-electric waffle irons, non-electric pressure cookers (Cl. 21);
• footmuffs, not electrically heated (Cl. 25).
Class 12
Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• motors and engines for land vehicles;
• couplings and transmission components for land vehicles;
• air cushion vehicles;
• remote control vehicles, other than toys;
• parts of vehicles, for example, bumpers, windscreens, steering wheels;
• treads for vehicles, as well as tyres for all kinds of vehicle wheels.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• railway material of metal (Cl. 6);
• motors, engines, couplings and transmission components, other than for land vehicles (Cl. 7); • parts of all kinds of motors and engines, for example, starters, mufflers and cylinders for motors and engines (Cl. 7);
• rubber tracks being parts of crawlers on construction, mining, agricultural and other heavy-duty machines (Cl. 7);
• tricycles for infants and scooters, being toys (Cl. 28);
• certain special vehicles or wheeled apparatus not for transportation purposes, for example, self-propelled road sweeping machines (Cl. 7), fire engines (Cl. 9), tea carts (Cl. 20);
• certain parts of vehicles, for example, electric batteries, mileage recorders and radios for vehicles (Cl. 9), lights for automobiles and bicycles (Cl. 11), automobile carpets (Cl. 27).
Class 13
Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives; fireworks.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• rescue flares, explosive or pyrotechnic;
• flare pistols;
• sprays for personal defence purposes;
• explosive fog signals, signal rocket flares;
• air pistols being weapons;
• bandoliers for weapons;
• sporting firearms, hunting firearms.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• grease for weapons (Cl. 4);
• blades being weapons (Cl. 8);
• side arms, other than firearms (Cl. 8);
• non-explosive fog signals, rescue laser signalling flares (Cl. 9);
• telescopic sights for firearms (Cl. 9);
• flaming torches (Cl. 11);
• Christmas crackers (Cl. 28);
• percussion caps being toys (Cl. 28);
• toy air pistols (Cl. 28);
• matches (Cl. 34).
Class 14
Precious metals and their alloys; jewellery, precious and semi-precious stones; horological and chronometric instruments.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• jewellery, including imitation jewellery, for example, paste jewellery;
• cuff links, tie pins, tie clips;
• key rings, key chains and charms therefor;
• jewellery charms;
• jewellery boxes;
• component parts for jewellery, clocks and watches, for example, clasps and beads for jewellery, movements for clocks and watches, clock hands, watch springs, watch crystals.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• smartwatches (Cl. 9);
• charms, other than for jewellery, key rings or key chains (Cl. 26);
• objects of art not made of precious metals or coated therewith that are classified according to the material of which they are made, for example, works of art of metal (Cl. 6), of stone, concrete or marble (Cl. 19), of wood, wax, plaster or plastic (Cl. 20), of porcelain, ceramic, earthenware, terra-cotta or glass (Cl. 21);
• certain goods made of precious metals or coated therewith that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, metals in foil and powder form for use in painting, decorating, printing and art (Cl. 2), dental amalgams of gold (Cl. 5), cutlery (Cl. 8), electric contacts (Cl. 9), pen nibs of gold (Cl. 16), teapots (Cl. 21), gold and silver embroidery (Cl. 26), cigar boxes (Cl. 34).
Class 15
Musical instruments; music stands and stands for musical instruments; conductors batons.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• mechanical musical instruments and their accessories, for example, barrel organs, mechanical pianos, intensity regulators for mechanical pianos, robotic drums;
• musical boxes;
• electrical and electronic musical instruments;
• strings, reeds, pegs and pedals for musical instruments
• tuning forks, tuning hammers;
• colophony (rosin) for stringed musical instruments.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• apparatus for the recording, transmission, amplification and reproduction of sound, for example, electric and electronic effects units for musical instruments, wah-wah pedals, audio interfaces, audio mixers, equalisers being audio apparatus, subwoofers (Cl. 9);
• downloadable music files (Cl. 9);
• downloadable electronic sheet music (Cl. 9), printed sheet music (Cl. 16);
• juke boxes, musical (Cl. 9);
• metronomes (Cl. 9);
• musical greeting cards (Cl. 16).
Class 16
Paper and cardboard; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery and office requisites, except furniture; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; drawing materials and materials for artists; paintbrushes; instructional and teaching materials; plastic sheets, films and bags for wrapping and packaging; printers type, printing blocks.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• paper knives and paper cutters;
• cases, covers and devices for holding or securing paper, for example, document files, money clips, holders for cheque books, paper-clips, passport holders, scrapbooks;
• certain office machines, for example, typewriters, duplicators, franking machines for office use, pencil sharpeners;
• painting articles for use by artists and interior and exterior painters, for example, artists watercolour saucers, painters easels and palettes, paint rollers and trays;
• certain disposable paper products, for example, bibs, handkerchiefs and table linen of paper;
• certain goods made of paper or cardboard not otherwise classified by function or purpose, for example, paper bags, envelopes and containers for packaging, statues, figurines and works of art of paper or cardboard, such as figurines of papier mâché, framed or unframed lithographs, paintings and watercolours.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• paints (Cl. 2);
• hand tools for artists, for example, spatulas, sculptors chisels (Cl. 8);
• teaching apparatus, for example, audiovisual teaching apparatus, resuscitation mannequins (Cl. 9), and toy models (Cl. 28);
• certain goods made of paper or cardboard that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, photographic paper (Cl. 1), abrasive paper (Cl. 3), paper blinds (Cl. 20), table cups and plates of paper (Cl. 21), bed linen of paper (Cl. 24), paper clothing (Cl. 25), cigarette paper (Cl. 34).
Class 17
Unprocessed and semi-processed rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and substitutes for all these materials; plastics and resins in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• rubber material for recapping tyres;
• floating anti-pollution barriers;
• adhesive tapes, other than stationery and not for medical or household purposes;
• plastic films, other than for wrapping and packaging, for example, anti-dazzle films for windows;
• elastic threads and threads of rubber or plastic, not for textile use;
• certain goods made of the materials in this class not otherwise classified by function or purpose, for example, foam supports for flower arrangements, padding and stuffing materials of rubber or plastics, rubber stoppers, shock-absorbing buffers of rubber, rubber bags or envelopes for packaging.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• fire hose (Cl. 9);
• pipes being parts of sanitary installations (Cl. 11) and rigid pipes of metal (Cl. 6) and not of metal (Cl. 19);
• insulating glass for building (Cl. 19);
• certain goods made of the materials in this class that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, gum resins (Cl. 2), rubber for dental purposes (Cl. 5), asbestos screens for firemen (Cl. 9), adhesive rubber patches for repairing inner tubes (Cl. 12), rubber erasers (Cl. 16).
Class 18
Leather and imitations of leather; animal skins and hides; luggage and carrying bags; umbrellas and parasols; walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery; collars, leashes and clothing for animals.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• luggage and carrying bags, for example, suitcases, trunks, travelling bags, sling bags for carrying infants, school bags;
• luggage or baggage tags;
• business card cases and pocket wallets;
• boxes and cases of leather or leatherboard.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• walking sticks or canes for medical purposes (Cl. 10);
• clothing, footwear and headwear of leather for human beings (Cl. 25);
• bags and cases adapted to the product they are intended to contain, for example, bags adapted for laptops (Cl. 9), bags and cases for cameras and photographic equipment (Cl. 9), cases for musical instruments (Cl. 15), golf bags with or without wheels, bags especially designed for skis and surfboards (Cl. 28);
• certain goods made of leather, imitations of leather, animal skins and hides that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, leather strops (Cl. 8), polishing leather (Cl. 21), chamois leather for cleaning (Cl. 21), leather belts for clothing (Cl. 25).
Class 19
Materials, not of metal, for building and construction; rigid pipes, not of metal, for building; asphalt, pitch, tar and bitumen; transportable buildings, not of metal; monuments, not of metal.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• semi-worked woods for use in building, for example, beams, planks, panels;
• wood veneers;
• building glass, for example, glass tiles, insulating glass for building, safety glass;
• glass granules for marking out roads;
• granite, marble, gravel;
• terra-cotta for use as a building material;
• roofing, not of metal, incorporating photovoltaic cells;
• gravestones and tombs, not of metal;
• statues, busts and works of art of stone, concrete or marble;
• letter boxes of masonry;
• geotextiles;
• coatings being building materials;
• scaffolding, not of metal;
• transportable buildings or structures, not of metal, for example, aquaria, aviaries, flagpoles, porches, swimming pools.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• cement preservatives, cement-waterproofing preparations (Cl. 1);
• fireproofing preparations (Cl. 1);
• wood preservatives (Cl. 2);
• oils for releasing form work for building (Cl. 4);
• letter boxes of metal (Cl. 6) and not of metal or masonry (Cl. 20);
• statues, busts and works of art of common metal (Cl. 6), of precious metal (Cl. 14), of wood, wax, plaster or plastic (Cl. 20), of porcelain, ceramic, earthenware, terra-cotta or glass (Cl. 21);
• certain pipes, not of metal, not for building, for example, pipes being parts of sanitary installations (Cl. 11), flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal (Cl. 17);
• substances for insulating buildings against moisture (Cl. 17);
• glass for vehicle windows (semi-finished product) (Cl. 21);
• birdcages (Cl. 21);
• mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors (Cl. 27);
• unsawn or undressed timber (Cl. 31).
Class 20
Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; containers, not of metal, for storage or transport; unworked or semi-worked bone, horn, whalebone or mother-of-pearl; shells; meerschaum; yellow amber.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• metal furniture, furniture for camping, gun racks, newspaper display stands;
• indoor window blinds and shades;metal furniture, furniture for camping, gun racks, newspaper display stands;
• bedding, for example, mattresses, bed bases, pillows;
• looking glasses, furniture and toilet mirrors;
• registration plates, not of metal;
• small items of hardware, not of metal, for example, bolts, screws, dowels, furniture casters, collars for fastening pipes;
• letter boxes, not of metal or masonry;
• certain dispensing apparatus, not of metal, automatic or non-automatic, for example, towel dispensers, queue ticket dispensers, dispensers for dog waste bags, toilet paper dispensers.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• special furniture for laboratories (Cl. 9) or for medical use (Cl. 10);
• outdoor blinds of metal (Cl. 6), not of metal and not of textile (Cl. 19), of textile (Cl. 22);
• bed linen, eiderdowns and sleeping bags (Cl. 24);
• certain dispensing apparatus that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, fluid dispensing machines for industrial use (Cl. 7), ticket dispensing terminals, electronic (Cl. 9), dosage dispensers for medical use (Cl. 10), adhesive tape dispensers (Cl. 16);
• certain mirrors for specific uses, for example, mirrors used in optical goods (Cl. 9), mirrors used in surgery or dentistry (Cl. 10), rearview mirrors (Cl. 12), sighting mirrors for guns (Cl. 13);
• certain goods made of wood, cork, reed, cane, wicker, horn, bone, whalebone, shell, amber, mother-of-pearl, meerschaum and substitutes for all these materials, or of plastic, that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, beads for making jewellery (Cl. 14), wooden floor boards (Cl. 19), baskets for domestic use (Cl. 21), plastic cups (Cl. 21), reed mats (Cl. 27).
Class 21
Household or kitchen utensils and containers; cookware and tableware, except forks, knives and spoons; combs and sponges; brushes, except paintbrushes; brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; unworked or semi-worked glass, except building glass; glassware, porcelain and earthenware.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• household and kitchen utensils, for example, fly swatters, clothes-pegs, mixing spoons, basting spoons and corkscrews, as well as serving utensils, for example, sugar tongs, ice tongs, pie servers and serving ladles;
• household, kitchen and cooking containers, for example, vases, bottles, piggy banks, pails, cocktail shakers, cooking pots and pans, and non-electric kettles and pressure cookers;
• small hand-operated kitchen apparatus for mincing, grinding, pressing or crushing, for example, garlic presses, nutcrackers, pestles and mortars;
• dish stands and decanter stands;
• cosmetic utensils, for example, electric and non-electric combs and toothbrushes, dental floss, foam toe separators for use in pedicures, powder puffs, fitted vanity cases;
• gardening articles, for example, gardening gloves, window-boxes, watering cans and nozzles for watering hose;
• indoor aquaria, terrariums and vivariums.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• cleaning preparations (Cl. 3);
• containers for storage and transport of goods, of metal (Cl. 6), not of metal (Cl. 20);
• small apparatus for mincing, grinding, pressing or crushing, which are driven by electricity (Cl. 7);
• razors and shaving apparatus, hair and nail clippers, electric and non-electric implements for manicure and pedicure, for example, manicure sets, emery boards, cuticle nippers (Cl. 8);
• table cutlery (Cl. 8) and hand-operated cutting tools for kitchen use, for example, vegetable shredders, pizza cutters, cheese slicers (Cl. 8);
• lice combs, tongue scrapers (Cl. 10);
• cooking utensils, electric (Cl. 11);
• toilet mirrors (Cl. 20);
• certain goods made of glass, porcelain and earthenware that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, porcelain for dental prostheses (Cl. 5), spectacle lenses (Cl. 9), glass wool for insulation, acrylic or organic glass, semi-processed (Cl. 17), earthenware tiles (Cl. 19), building glass (Cl. 19), glass fibres for textile use (Cl. 22).
Class 22
Ropes and string; nets; tents and tarpaulins; awnings of textile or synthetic materials; sails; sacks for the transport and storage of materials in bulk; padding, cushioning and stuffing materials, except of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastics; raw fibrous textile materials and substitutes therefor.Explanatory Note
• cords and twines made of natural or artificial textile fibres, paper or plastics;
• fishing nets, hammocks, rope ladders;
• vehicle covers, not fitted;
• certain sacks and bags not otherwise classified by function or purpose, for example, mesh bags for washing laundry, body bags, mail bags;
• packaging bags of textile;
• animal fibres and raw textile fibres, for example, animal hair, cocoons, jute, raw or treated wool, raw silk.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• metal ropes (Cl. 6);
• strings for musical instruments (Cl. 15) and for sports rackets (Cl. 28);
• padding and stuffing materials of paper or cardboard (Cl. 16), rubber or plastics (Cl. 17);
• certain nets and bags that are classified according to their function or purpose, for example, safety nets (Cl. 9), luggage nets for vehicles (Cl. 12), garment bags for travel (Cl. 18), hair nets (Cl. 26), golf bags (Cl. 28), nets for sports (Cl. 28);
• packaging bags, not of textile, which are classified according to the material of which they are made, for example, packaging bags of paper or plastics (Cl. 16), of rubber (Cl. 17), of leather (Cl. 18).
Class 23
Yarns and threads for textile use.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• fibreglass, elastic, rubber and plastic threads for textile use;
• threads for embroidery, darning and sewing, including those of metal;
• spun silk, spun cotton, spun wool.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• certain threads for specific uses, for example, identification threads for electric wires (Cl. 9), surgical thread (Cl. 10), threads of precious metal being jewellery (Cl. 14);
• threads, other than for textile use, that are classified according to the material of which they are made, for example, threads for binding of metal (Cl. 6) and not of metal (Cl. 22), elastic threads, threads of rubber or plastic (Cl. 17), fibreglass threads (Cl. 21).(cl. 18).
Class 24
Textiles and substitutes for textiles; household linen; curtains of textile or plastic.Explanatory Note
Esta clase comprende en particular:
• household linen, for example, bedspreads, pillow shams, towels of textile;
• bed linen of paper;
• sleeping bags, sleeping bag liners;
• mosquito nets.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• electrically heated blankets, for medical purposes (Cl. 10) and not for medical purposes (Cl. 11);
• table linen of paper (Cl. 16);
• asbestos safety curtains (Cl. 17), bamboo curtains and bead curtains for decoration (Cl. 20);
• horse blankets (Cl. 18);
• certain textiles and fabrics for specific uses, for example, fabrics for bookbinding (Cl. 16), insulating fabrics (Cl. 17), geotextiles (Cl. 19).
Class 25
Clothing, footwear, headwear.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• parts of clothing, footwear and headwear, for example, cuffs, pockets, ready-made linings, heels and heelpieces, cap peaks, hat frames (skeletons);
• clothing and footwear for sports, for example, ski gloves, sports singlets, cyclists clothing, judo and karate uniforms, football shoes, gymnastic shoes, ski boots;
• masquerade costumes;
• paper clothing, paper hats for use as clothing;
• bibs, not of paper;
• pocket squares;
• footmuffs, not electrically heated.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• small items of hardware used in shoemaking, for example, shoe pegs and shoe dowels of metal (Cl. 6) and not of metal (Cl. 20), as well as haberdashery accessories and fastenings for clothing, footwear and headwear, for example, clasps, buckles, zippers, ribbons, hatbands, hat and shoe trimmings (Cl. 26);
• certain clothing, footwear and headwear for special use, for example, protective helmets, including for sports (Cl. 9), clothing for protection against fire (Cl. 9), clothing especially for operating rooms (Cl. 10), orthopaedic footwear (Cl. 10), as well as clothing and footwear that are essential for the practice of certain sports, for example, baseball gloves, boxing gloves, ice skates (Cl. 28);
• electrically heated clothing (Cl. 11);
• electrically heated footmuffs (Cl. 11), fitted footmuffs for pushchairs and prams (Cl. 12);
• bibs of paper (Cl. 16);
• handkerchiefs of paper (Cl. 16) and of textile (Cl. 24);
• clothing for animals (Cl. 18);
• carnival masks (Cl. 28);
• dolls clothes (Cl. 28);
• paper party hats (Cl. 28).
Class 26
Lace, braid and embroidery, and haberdashery ribbons and bows; buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers; hair decorations; false hair.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• wigs, toupees, false beards;
• barrettes, hair bands;
• ribbons and bows being haberdashery or used as hair decorations, made of any material;
• ribbons and bows for gift wrapping, not of paper;
• hair nets;
• buckles, zippers;
• charms, other than for jewellery, key rings or key chains;
• artificial Christmas garlands and wreaths, including those incorporating lights;
• certain articles for curling hair, for example, electric and non-electric hair curlers, other than hand implements, hair curling pins, hair curling paper.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• false eyelashes (Cl. 3);
• hooks being small items of metal hardware (Cl. 6) or hardware, not of metal (Cl. 20), curtain hooks (Cl. 20);
• certain special types of needles, for example, tattoo needles (Cl. 8), needles for surveying compasses (Cl. 9), needles for medical purposes (Cl. 10), needles for pumps for inflating balls for games (Cl. 28);
• hand implements for curling hair, for example, curling tongs, eyelash curlers (Cl. 8);
• hair prostheses (Cl. 10);
• jewellery charms, charms for key rings or key chains (Cl. 14);
• certain ribbons and bows, for example, paper ribbons and bows, other than haberdashery or hair decorations (Cl. 16), rhythmic gymnastics ribbons (Cl. 28);
• yarns and threads for textile use (Cl. 23);
• Christmas trees of synthetic material (Cl. 28).
Class 27
Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings, not of textile.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• automobile carpets;
• mats being floor coverings, for example, bath mats, door mats, gymnastic mats, yoga mats;
• artificial turf;
• wallpaper, including textile wallpaper.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• floors, floorings and floor tiles of metal (Cl. 6) and not of metal (Cl. 19), wooden floor boards (Cl. 19);
• electrically heated carpets (Cl. 11);
• geotextiles (Cl. 19);
• mats for infant playpens (Cl. 20);
• wall hangings of textile (Cl. 24)..
Class 28
Games, toys and playthings; video game apparatus; gymnastic and sporting articles; decorations for Christmas trees.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• amusement and game apparatus, including controllers therefor;
• novelty toys for playing jokes and for parties, for example, carnival masks, paper party hats, confetti, party poppers and Christmas crackers;
• hunting and fishing tackle, for example, fishing rods, landing nets for anglers, decoys, hunting game calls;
• equipment for various sports and games.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• Christmas tree candles (Cl. 4), electric lights for Christmas trees (Cl. 11), confectionery and chocolate decorations for Christmas trees (Cl. 30);
• diving equipment (Cl. 9);
• sex toys and love dolls (Cl. 10);
• clothing for gymnastics and sports (Cl. 25);
• certain gymnastic and sporting articles, for example, protective helmets, goggles and mouthguards for sports (Cl. 9), sporting firearms (Cl. 13), gymnasium mats (Cl. 27), as well as certain fishing and hunting equipment, for example, hunting knives, harpoons (Cl. 8), hunting firearms (Cl. 13), fishing nets (Cl. 22), that are classified according to other functions or purposes.
Class 29
Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs; milk, cheese, butter, yogurt and other milk products; oils and fats for food.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• meat-, fish-, fruit- or vegetable-based food;
• edible insects;
• milk beverages with milk predominating;
• milk substitutes, for example, almond milk, coconut milk, peanut milk, rice milk, soya milk;
• preserved mushrooms;
• pulses and nuts prepared for human consumption;
• seeds prepared for human consumption, not being seasonings or flavourings.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• ciertos productos alimenticios de origen vegetal (consultar la lista alfabética de productos);
• oils and fats, other than for food, for example, essential oils (Cl. 3), industrial oil (Cl. 4), castor oil for medical purposes (Cl. 5);
• baby food (Cl. 5);
• dietetic food and substances adapted for medical use (Cl. 5);
• dietary supplements (Cl. 5);
• salad dressings (Cl. 30);
• processed seeds for use as a seasoning (Cl. 30);
• chocolate-coated nuts (Cl. 30);
• fresh and unprocessed fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds (Cl. 31);
• foodstuffs for animals (Cl. 31);
• live animals (Cl. 31);
• seeds for planting (Cl. 31).
Class 30
Coffee, tea, cocoa and substitutes therefor; rice, pasta and noodles; tapioca and sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, pastries and confectionery; chocolate; ice cream, sorbets and other edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, seasonings, spices, preserved herbs; vinegar, sauces and other condiments; ice (frozen water).Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• beverages with coffee, cocoa, chocolate or tea base;
• cereals prepared for human consumption, for example, oat flakes, corn chips, husked barley, bulgur, muesli;
• pizza, pies, sandwiches;
• chocolate-coated nuts;
• flavourings, other than essential oils, for food or beverages.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• salt for industrial purposes (Cl. 1);
• food or beverage flavourings being essential oils (Cl. 3);
• medicinal teas and dietetic food and substances adapted for medical use (Cl. 5);
• baby food (Cl. 5);
• dietary supplements (Cl. 5);
• yeast for pharmaceutical purposes (Cl. 5), yeast for animal consumption (Cl. 31);
• milk beverages flavoured with coffee, cocoa, chocolate or tea (Cl. 29);
• soups, bouillon (Cl. 29);
• raw cereals (Cl. 31);
• fresh herbs (Cl. 31);
• foodstuffs for animals (Cl. 31).
Class 31
Raw and unprocessed agricultural, aquacultural, horticultural and forestry products; raw and unprocessed grains and seeds; fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh herbs; natural plants and flowers; bulbs, seedlings and seeds for planting; live animals; foodstuffs and beverages for animals; malt.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• unprocessed cereals;
• fresh fruits and vegetables, even after washing or waxing;
• plant residue;
• unprocessed algae;
• unsawn timber;
• fertilised eggs for hatching;
• fresh mushrooms and truffles;
• litter for animals, for example, aromatic sand, sanded paper for pets.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• cultures of micro-organisms and leeches for medical purposes (Cl. 5);
• dietary supplements for animals and medicated animal feed (Cl. 5);
• semi-worked woods (Cl. 19);
• artificial fishing bait (Cl. 28);
• rice (Cl. 30);
• tobacco (Cl. 34)..
Class 32
Beers; non-alcoholic beverages; mineral and aerated waters; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making non-alcoholic beverages.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• de-alcoholised beverages;
• soft drinks;
• rice-based and soya-based beverages, other than milk substitutes;
• energy drinks, isotonic beverages, protein-enriched sports beverages;
• non-alcoholic essences and fruit extracts for making beverages.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• flavourings for beverages being essential oils (Cl. 3) or other than essential oils (Cl. 30);
• dietetic beverages adapted for medical purposes (Cl. 5);
• milk beverages with milk predominating, milk shakes (Cl. 29);
• milk substitutes, for example, almond milk, coconut milk, peanut milk, rice milk, soya milk (Cl. 29);
• lemon juice for culinary purposes, tomato juice for cooking (Cl. 29);
• beverages with coffee, cocoa, chocolate or tea base (Cl. 30);
• beverages for pets (Cl. 31);
• alcoholic beverages, except beer (Cl. 33).
Class 33
Alcoholic beverages, except beers; alcoholic preparations for making beverages.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• wines, fortified wines;
• alcoholic cider, perry;
• spirits, liqueurs;
• alcoholic essences, alcoholic fruit extracts, bitters.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• medicinal beverages (Cl. 5);
• de-alcoholised beverages (Cl. 32);
• beers (Cl. 32);
• non-alcoholic mixers used to make alcoholic beverages, for example, soft drinks, soda water (Cl. 32).
Class 34
Tobacco and tobacco substitutes; cigarettes and cigars; electronic cigarettes and oral vaporizers for smokers; smokers articles; matches.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• tobacco substitutes, not for medical purposes;
• flavourings, other than essential oils, for use in electronic cigarettes, oral vaporizers for smokers;
• herbs for smoking;
• snuff;
• certain accessories and containers related to the use of tobacco and articles for smoking, for example, lighters for smokers, ashtrays for smokers, tobacco jars, snuff boxes, cigar humidors.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• tobacco-free cigarettes for medical purposes (Cl. 5);
• batteries and chargers for electronic cigarettes (Cl. 9);
• ashtrays for automobiles (Cl. 12).
Class 35
Advertising; business management, organization and administration; office functions.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• the bringing together, for the benefit of others, of a variety of goods, excluding the transport thereof, enabling customers to conveniently view and purchase those goods; such services may be provided by retail stores, wholesale outlets, through vending machines, mail order catalogues or by means of electronic media, for example, through web sites or television shopping programmes;
• advertising, marketing and promotional services, for example, distribution of samples, development of advertising concepts, writing and publication of publicity texts;
• shop window dressing;
• public relations services;
• production of teleshopping programmes;
• organization of trade fairs and exhibitions for commercial or advertising purposes;
• search engine optimization for sales promotion;
• commercial assistance services, for example, personnel recruitment, negotiation of business contracts for others, cost price analysis, import-export agency services;
• administration services relating to business transactions and financial records, for example, book-keeping, drawing up of statements of accounts, business and financial auditing, business appraisals, tax preparation and filing services;
• commercial administration of the licensing of the goods and services of others;
• services consisting of the registration, transcription, composition, compilation or systematization of written communications and registrations, and also the compilation of mathematical or statistical data;
• office functions, for example, appointment scheduling and reminder services, data search in computer files for others, computerized file management, telephone switchboard services.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• financial services, for example, financial analysis, financial management, financial sponsorship (Cl. 36);
• real estate management (Cl. 36);
• stock brokerage services (Cl. 36);
• transportation logistics (Cl. 39);
• energy auditing (Cl. 42);
• graphic design of promotional materials (Cl. 42);
• legal services in relation to the negotiation of contracts for others (Cl. 45);
• licensing of intellectual property, legal administration of licences, copyright management (Cl. 45);
• registration of domain names (Cl. 45).
Class 36
Financial, monetary and banking services; insurance services; real estate affairs.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• financial transaction and payment services, for example, exchanging money, electronic funds transfer, processing of credit card and debit card payments, issuance of travellers cheques;
• financial management and research;
• financial appraisals, for example, jewellery, art and real estate appraisal, repair costs evaluation;
• cheque verification;
• financing and credit services, for example, loans, issuance of credit cards, hire- or lease-purchase financing;
• crowdfunding;
• safe deposit services;
• financial sponsorship;
• real estate agency services, real estate management, rental of apartments, rent collection;
• insurance underwriting, actuarial services;
• brokerage services, for example, securities, insurance and real estate brokerage, brokerage of carbon credits, pawnbrokerage.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• administration services relating to business transactions and financial records, for example, book-keeping, drawing up of statements of accounts, business and financial auditing, business appraisals, tax preparation and filing services (Cl. 35 );
• sponsorship search, promotion of goods and services through sponsorship of sports events (Cl. 35 );
• cash replenishment of automated teller machines (Cl. 39 );
• freight brokerage, transport brokerage (Cl. 39 );
• quality evaluation of wool and standing timber (Cl. 42 ).
Class 37
Construction services; installation and repair services; mining extraction, oil and gas drilling.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• construction and demolition of buildings, roads, bridges, dams or transmission lines, as well as services in the field of construction, for example, interior and exterior painting, plastering, plumbing, heating equipment installation, and roofing;
• shipbuilding;
• rental of construction tools, machines and equipment, for example, rental of bulldozers, rental of cranes;
• various repair services, for example, those in the fields of electricity, computer hardware, furniture, instruments, tools;
• various restoration services, for example, building restoration, furniture restoration and restoration of works of art;
• maintenance services for preserving an object in its original condition without changing any of its properties, for example, furniture maintenance, vehicle maintenance, swimming-pool maintenance and maintenance of computer hardware;
• cleaning of different objects, for example, windows, vehicles, clothing, as well as the laundering and pressing of clothing.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• physical storage of goods (Cl. 39);
• transformation of an object or substance that involves a process of change in its essential properties, for example, the cutting, dyeing, fireproofing of cloth (Cl. 40), the casting, plating, treating of metal (Cl. 40), custom tailoring, dressmaking, embroidering (Cl. 40), food and drink preservation (Cl. 40);
• installation, maintenance and updating of computer software (Cl. 42), creation and hosting of web sites (Cl. 42);
• construction drafting and architectural services (Cl. 42).
Class 38
Telecommunications services.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• transmission of digital files and electronic mail;
• providing user access to global computer networks;
• radio and television broadcasting;
• video-on-demand transmission;
• providing internet chatrooms and online forums;
• telephone and voice mail services;
• teleconferencing and videoconferencing services.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• radio advertising (Cl. 35);
• telemarketing services (Cl. 35);
• content or subject matter that may be contained in the communication activity, for example, downloadable image files (Cl. 9), providing business information via a web site (Cl. 35), providing films and television programmes, not downloadable, via video-on-demand services (Cl. 41);
• services conducted using telecommunication connections, for example, online retail services for downloadable digital music (Cl. 35), online banking (Cl. 36);
• production of radio and television programmes (Cl. 41);
• telecommunications technology consultancy (Cl. 42);
• online social networking services (Cl. 45).
Class 39
Transport; packaging and storage of goods; travel arrangement.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• operation of stations, bridges, railways, ferries and other transport facilities;
• rental of vehicles for transportation, as well as chauffeuring and piloting services;
• rental services related to transport, storage and travel, for example, parking place rental, garage rental, rental of storage containers;
• operation of maritime tugs, unloading, operation of ports and docks, and salvaging of wrecked ships and their cargoes;
• packaging, bottling, wrapping and delivering of goods;
• replenishing vending machines and automated teller machines;
• services for providing information about journeys or the transport of goods by brokers and tourist agencies, as well as for providing information relating to tariffs, timetables and methods of transport;
• inspection of vehicles or goods for the purpose of transport;
• distribution of energy and electricity, as well as distribution and supply of water.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• advertising travel or transport (Cl. 35 ); • insurance services during the transport of people or goods (Cl. 36 );
• maintenance and repair of vehicles or other items connected with the transport of people or goods (Cl. 37 );
• conducting guided tours (Cl. 41 );
• electronic data storage (Cl. 42 );
• reservation of hotel rooms or other temporary accommodation by travel agents or brokers (Cl. 43 ).
Class 40
Treatment of materials; recycling of waste and trash; air purification and treatment of water; printing services; food and drink preservation.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• transformation of an object or substance and any process involving a change in its essential properties, for example, dyeing a garment; such transformation services are also classified in Class 40 if they are provided in the framework of repair or maintenance work, for example, chromium plating of motor vehicle bumpers;
• services of material treatment which may be present during the production of any substance or object other than a building, for example, services which involve cutting, shaping, polishing by abrasion or metal coating;
• joining of materials, for example, soldering or welding;
• processing and treatment of foodstuffs, for example, fruit crushing, flour milling, food and drink preservation, food smoking, freezing of foods;
• custom manufacturing of goods to the order and specification of others (bearing in mind that certain offices require that the goods produced be indicated), for example, custom manufacturing of automobiles;
• services of a dental technician;
• quilting, embroidering, custom tailoring, textile dyeing, applying finishes to textiles.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• services that do not entail a change in the essential properties of the object or substance, for example, furniture maintenance or repair (Cl. 37);
• services in the field of construction, for example, painting and plastering (Cl. 37);
• cleaning services, for example, laundering, window cleaning, cleaning of interior and exterior surfaces of buildings (Cl. 37);
• rustproofing, for example, anti-rust treatment for vehicles (Cl. 37);
• certain customization services, for example, the custom painting of automobiles (Cl. 37);
• decorating of food, food sculpting (Cl. 43).
Class 41
Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• organization of exhibitions for cultural or educational purposes, arranging and conducting of conferences, congresses and symposiums;
• translation and language interpretation services;
• publication of books and texts, other than publicity texts;
• news reporters services, photographic reporting;;
• photography;
• film direction and production services, other than for advertising films;
• cultural, educational or entertainment services provided by amusement parks, circuses, zoos, art galleries and museums;
• sports and fitness training services;
• training of animals;
• online gaming services;
• gambling services, organization of lotteries;
• ticket reservation and booking services for entertainment, educational and sporting events;
• certain writing services, for example, screenplay writing, songwriting.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• organization of exhibitions for commercial or advertising purposes (Cl. 35 );
• writing and publication of publicity texts (Cl. 35 );
• news agency services (Cl. 38 );
• radio and television broadcasting (Cl. 38 );
• videoconferencing services (Cl. 38 );
• technical writing (Cl. 42 );
• day nursery and crèche services (Cl. 43 );
• health spa services (Cl. 44 );
• planning and arranging wedding ceremonies (Cl. 45 ).
Class 42
Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis, industrial research and industrial design services; quality control and authentication services; design and development of computer hardware and software.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• services of engineers and scientists who undertake evaluations, estimates, research and reports in the scientific and technological fields, including technological consultancy;
• computer and technology services for securing computer data and personal and financial information and for the detection of unauthorized access to data and information, for example, computer virus protection services, data encryption services, electronic monitoring of personally identifying information to detect identity theft via the internet;
• software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS);
• scientific research services for medical purposes;
• architectural and urban planning services;
• certain design services, for example, industrial design, design of computer software and systems, interior design, packaging design, graphic arts design, dress designing;
• surveying;
• oil, gas and mining exploration services.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• certain research services, for example, business research (Cl. 35), marketing research (Cl. 35), financial research (Cl. 36), genealogical research (Cl. 45), legal research (Cl. 45);
• business auditing (Cl. 35);
• computer file management services (Cl. 35);
• financial evaluation services (Cl. 36);
• mining extraction, oil and gas drilling (Cl. 37);
• installation, maintenance and repair of computer hardware (Cl. 37);
• sound engineering services (Cl. 41);
• certain design services, for example, landscape design (Cl. 44);
• medical and veterinary services (Cl. 44);
• legal services (Cl. 45).
Class 43
Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• temporary accommodation reservations, for example, hotel reservations;
• boarding for animals;
• rental of meeting rooms, tents and transportable buildings;
• retirement home services;
• day-nursery and crèche services;
• decorating of food, food sculpting;
• rental of cooking apparatus;
• rental of chairs, tables, table linen, glassware;
• hookah lounge services;
• personal chef services.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• business management of hotels (Cl. 35);
• rental services for real estate, such as houses or flats, for residential use (Cl. 36);
• housekeeping (cleaning) services (Cl. 37);
• travel and transport reservation services (Cl. 39);
• beer brewing and wine making for others, custom manufacturing of bread (Cl. 40);
• food smoking, food and drink preservation (Cl. 40);
• educational, instruction and entertainment services, including those that might involve ancillary lodging or food and drink, provided by, for example, boarding schools, nursery schools, sport camps, discotheques and nightclubs (Cl. 41);
• providing museum facilities (Cl. 41);
• convalescent home and rest home services (Cl. 44);
• babysitting, pet sitting (Cl. 45).
Class 44
Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; agriculture, aquaculture, horticulture and forestry services.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• hospital services;
• telemedicine services;
• dentistry, optometry and mental health services;
• medical clinic services and medical analysis services for diagnostic and treatment purposes provided by medical laboratories, such as x-ray examinations and taking of blood samples;
• therapy services, for example, physiotherapy and speech therapy;
• pharmacy advice and preparation of prescriptions by pharmacists;
• blood bank and human tissue bank services;
• convalescent home and rest home services;
• dietary and nutritional advice;
• health spa services;
• artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization services;
• animal breeding;
• animal grooming;
• body piercing and tattooing;
• services relating to gardening, for example, plant nursery services, landscape design, landscape gardening, lawn care;
• services relating to floral art, for example, flower arranging, wreath making;
• weed killing, vermin and pest control for agriculture, aquaculture, horticulture and forestry.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• vermin and pest control, other than for agriculture, aquaculture, horticulture and forestry (Cl. 37);
• installation and repair services for irrigation devices (Cl. 37);
• ambulance transport (Cl. 39);
• slaughtering of animals and taxidermy (Cl. 40);
• timber felling and processing (Cl. 40);
• animal training services (Cl. 41);
• health clubs for physical exercise (Cl. 41);
• scientific research services for medical purposes (Cl. 42);
• boarding for animals (Cl. 43);
• retirement homes (Cl. 43);
• funerary undertaking (Cl. 45).
Class 45
Legal services; security services for the physical protection of tangible property and individuals; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals.Explanatory Note
This Class includes, in particular:
• services rendered by lawyers, legal assistants, and personal advocates, to individuals, groups of individuals, organizations and enterprises;
• investigation and surveillance services relating to the physical safety of persons and security of tangible property;
• services provided to individuals in relation with social events, such as social escort services, matrimonial agencies, funeral services.
This Class does not include, in particular:
• professional services giving direct aid in the operations or functions of a commercial undertaking (Cl. 35);
• services relating to financial or monetary affairs and services dealing with insurance (Cl. 36);
• escorting of travellers (Cl. 39);
• security transport (Cl. 39);
• services consisting of all forms of education of persons (Cl. 41);
• performances of singers or dancers (Cl. 41);
• computer programming services for the protection of software (Cl. 42);
• computer and internet security consultancy and data encryption services (Cl. 42);
• services provided by others to give medical, hygienic or beauty care for human beings or animals (Cl. 44);
• certain rental services (consult the Alphabetical List of Services and General Remark (b) relating to the classification of services).
1. Why register a trademark?
Why it will help you differentiate your products and services in the market. It is the way that so many individuals and companies have to legally protect their products and/or services in the market, thus obtaining their exclusivity of protection against possible "copies" of competitors.
2. How much does it cost to register a trademark?
Visit the prices section and there choose your country of residence and country where you want to apply for your trademark. To request the registration of a trademark, it is important to know its availability, so we suggest that you first request a feasibility report. Register as a User and request your report online now.
3. Submitting my trademark application, is it already registered?
No, a trademark application is not a guarantee of registration. What, if it is acquired when filing a trademark application, is to have a prelative right in expectation until it is granted. For this, it must pass several administrative instances, such as the areas of admission, publication, opposition period and registrability exam. Depending on the country, administrative times vary, so the Agent that advises you will inform you of the approximate registration times in each country that is designated to submit an application.
4. What requirements must I meet to register a trademark?
In the case of natural persons, be over 18 years of age, personal data of the brand holders, full names and surnames as it appears on your document, national identity document number, date of birth, state civil (if married), full names and surnames and national document of the spouse, address, postal code, town, province and country must be provided. If it is a company, the registration number and registration in the fiscal entity as a company, registration date, book, folio, legal address, bylaws, last copy of the designation of authorities, as well as personal data (full names and surnames) and National identity document of its legal representative, proxy, President and/or managing partner that will sign on behalf of the company. All this sent in simple copy.
5. How do I authorize MIREGISTRODEMARCA.COM lawyers to carry out the registration process?
It is necessary that the applicant provides Power of Attorney in favor of our agents and lawyers so that they can manage the trademark application representing them in each case. This Power of Attorney must be certified and legalized by the national Consulate of the country or in its absence the Apostille of the Hague, for countries that are part of the convention. Each country has its own requirements, so some countries require the physical Power of Attorney to be valid and other countries with only a copy of the original is enough to be valid for the presentation of the application. Depending on the languages to be filed, the Powers of Attorney can be translated into the official language of the country, to be included in the file, paying additional fees for the filing and translation. The turnaround time for a post-application Power of Attorney can be 30 to 60 days for filing. You will also have the option to inform during the online trademark application process, if you wish to wait for the Power of Attorney to be delivered to apply for the trademark or enter the file upon receipt of the application for registration. In some countries the requirement is very strict, to present the Power of Attorney in a physical form, legalized and/or Apostilled in the Consulate and/or Embassy of the applicants country, while, in other cases, the signature in a Power of Attorney authorizing our lawyers the management, will be enough to represent them. These certification and legalization expenses are not included in the published prices and should be taken into account.
6. How do I know if my trademark is available for registration?
We advise that, for any trademark application, a feasibility and registrability study should be previously carried out in the classes or fields of activity of the trademark. In this way, we will know if its registration is feasible in order not to incur in expenses that will not generate benefits. Register as a User and from your client area, request the feasibility report.
7. How do I know in which class I should protect my trademark?
Trademark applications are internationally governed by the Nice international classification. This classification is divided by headings and subheadings that are distributed in 45 classes, of which 34 classes belong to products and 11 to services. Our agents and lawyers, prior to the trademark application, will make a feasibility report and together with the client may agree, according to the activity of the trademark, its correct classification in order to obtain an optimal protection in the market. If the applicant initiates the registration in only one class, when he should apply in others, we advise to file the remaining classes in a short period of time, in order to avoid later legal expenses that could be incurred in the legal defense of a trademark.
8. If I dont have a logo, can I still register my trademark?
Yes; you can register a phrase or slogan only, combination of letters or numbers in denominative form, it is not necessary to have a logo. In case you want to apply later for the same trademark with a logo, you must apply for a second application and pay the corresponding rates and fees.
9. Can I request the creation of my logo to miregistrodemarca.com?
Yes; we can recommend professionals who work in logo and graphic development.
10. Should brand colors be protected?
It is the client decision to do so, since there are brands that change their colors over time. There are well-known international companies, where their colors are part of the identity of the trademark, in that case we recommend filing the trademark in colors. If there is no defined color or it is constantly changing, we recommend filing the application in black and white or grayscale.
11. What is the validity of trademark protection?
In most countries it is for 10 years renewable, and in others for 15 years, as in the case of Venezuela. It is important that the trademark is used during its term in order to avoid being cancelled for lack of use. Some countries consider that 3 and 5 years without use may entitle third parties to file a trademark cancellation.
12. When I renew my trademark, do I have to pay again?
Yes, fees, rates and expenses must be paid for renewal upon expiration. For this purpose, we will be notifying you in your client area, the renewal due dates and news of the Trademark Law.
13. Can I transfer a trademark to another person?
Yes; you can make the transfer to another person or company. It is a requirement that the transferor certifies and signs before a notary public or notary public the transfer document, in case the holder is married, the spouse must sign.
14. If I register a trademark in my country, is it valid internationally?
No, the trademark registration must be made in each country where you wish to have trademark protection. There are some more massive forms of protection, such as the "European Community" trademark, which involves 27 member states, with a single registration. But the evaluation of concession will be given on a country-by-country basis. For worldwide registrations, there is the Madrid Union, which currently has 114 members and covers 130 countries. Through the Madrid system, a trademark can be applied for in 130 countries with a single application. One of the requirements is that the applicant must have a trademark registered and/or applied for in one of the member countries. In this case of applications, they will also have entry costs for each country and their particular evaluation of grant.
15. What is international priority?
The international priority under the Paris Convention is the time given to the applicant to file a trademark application in another country and to enforce its examination on the first date of filing. The priority is 180 calendar days from the first application. In order to enforce the right, a certificate called "International Priority" must be requested, with this certificate the date of commencement or seniority of the initiated trademark filing is respected. This certificate will have to be paid additionally if you wish to request it before the official organism, to be later presented in the country of interest.
16. Can several persons apply for one trademark?
Yes; several owners of a trademark can be attached, as well as the percentage that corresponds to each one. All applicants must authorize the filing of the application by signing the corresponding Power of Attorney and/or Authorization. It is important to know that if one of these persons is married, 50% of the percentage obtained will also belong to his/her spouse. In case of any subsequent transfer of ownership, the spouse must also sign the document.
17. What is included in the prices paid to miregistrodemarca.com?
Including professional fees, official fees and administrative expenses, publication, legal domicile. Fees for the search, preparation, filing of the application and monitoring of the application during the registration process. Likewise, communications related to the processing and follow-up of the process, until its final resolution. PAYMENTS DO NOT INCLUDE: Sending the trademark title in paper format, by certified mail; filing oppositions to third parties; requesting international priority certificate; representation in mediations and negotiations with third parties; drafting and filing administrative appeals; transferring trademarks and/or changes of category; filing trademark renewals; initiating judicial defense; drafting third party notices; translations of files and Powers of Attorney into other languages; filing affidavits of use of trademarks for half terms (for some countries upon reaching the 5th year of validity).
18. What are the oppositions?
All trademark proceedings are subject to oppositions by third parties, and these oppositions may be made by individuals or companies that may or may not have registered a trademark, including trademarks that have not yet been granted. Once the trademark is published in the official gazette, during a period of 30 to 60 days after publication (depending on the country), third parties may exercise this right. These oppositions are generally for phonetic similarity, logo shapes, typographies, figures or for reasons that the opponent considers that the trademark applied for is confusingly similar to his trademark (this is not included in the initial filing fee). It is important not to take copies of images and/or figures of trademarks already registered or that are notoriously known, since it will cause oppositions or observations, so the original developments are healthier for trademark applications.
19. When can I use my trademark?
Once your trademark application is filed, you can use your trademark without any inconvenience, but if you wish you can wait for it to be published and pass the opposition period, to also give a greater exposure or investment in products of the trademark, for example: bags, boxes, labels, advertising material, etc. When the trademark is registered, you can add to your logo or image the "R" of registered, so that you can also spread to consumers and/or clients that the trademark is registered in the country, for the products and/or services applied for.
20. How long does it take to register a trademark?
The normal time will depend on the country where the trademark is applied for, if there is no inconvenience or opposition. The official body concludes the trademark registration process with a grant and/or registration number.
21. What is a trademark title or certificate?
It is the document that legitimizes the granting of a trademark. Once the trademark has been granted, the title will be requested (it can be digital or on paper depending on each country), to be sent by e-mail or post. The international postal expenses will be budgeted according to each case and each country.
22. When can I not register my trademark?
A trademark may not be registered when: it is identical, similar to another trademark already registered in the same classes to protect the same services and/or products; national or foreign appellations of origin, the name or pseudonym or portrait of a person without consent; letters, words used by foreign nations, and denominations of national or foreign origin, the name or pseudonym or portrait of a person without his consent; the letters, words used by foreign nations and international organizations recognized by international organizations recognized by international governments, packaging, sound and three-dimensional marks with the same registered concepts.
23. What payments are not included in a trademark application?
They do not include: The certification of signatures on the Power of Attorney before a notary public or notary public, which is a personal procedure of the applicant(s) of the service in the corresponding country. They do not include: The legalization of power/s which is a particular procedure that will have to be done before a notary public, Consulate or Apostille, depending on the particular case and country. It does not include: The answering of hearings or observations of the registration agencies, negotiations with third parties for withdrawal of opposition, oppositions to third parties, attending and requesting mediations, answering administrative hearings, filing administrative appeals, requesting cessation of use or trademark infringement to third parties, judicial defense, transfers, changes of category, request of trademark titles, request of priority certificates, translations of documents, sending of documents by international mail.
24. I want to be part of the professional team of MIREGISTRODEMARCA.COM What should I do?
Join our staff of Agents, Attorneys, Associates, with experience and expertise in the specialization of industrial property and intellectual property law. We invite you to join our team. Send us an email with your professional references to contacto@miregistrodemarca.com
1. Why is it important to register a web domain?
Web domains are currently very important to accompany the identity of brands and any project, they will be the address (URL) that distinguish you for the arrival to an institutional Web site and / or commercial online store, as well as the names of your emails. Your web or internet domain allows your customers to find you, identify you and remember you more easily. Everything is now searchable from any device connected to the internet, from the computer, cell phones, tablets, Smart tv, among others. This is how your customers will find you and locate where your company, products and services are located, now with web domains, it is much easier to find you and identify your brand.
2. What advantages do I have with a registered web domain over someone who does not have one?
The advantages are many, but we can mention some fundamental ones. The web domain creates the possibility for your customers to have a company email, for example: ventas@miempresa.com The development of a Web site, that will be exposing not only to a national market, since the arrival is global, 365 days a year and 24 hours a day. Therefore, we advise to have a professional website, no matter how small it is, with the latest development technologies for a correct exposure in the market and that is adaptable to various devices. Many entrepreneurs started their activities with a website, and have had very successful results.
3. If I don´t have a website, can you recommend a professional?
Within our services, we have associates who are specialists in web site development and creation. We can also quote for hosting services and SSL security certificates (a service needed to expose your website competitively on the web), as well as the registration of a variety of domain names available on the market. Visit the domains area, to check if your domain is available or write us through the contact form of the area, if you are interested in a particular web domain.
4. If I have an exporting company, is it necessary to register a domain name in each country where I export?
It is a very common question of some customers their interest in protecting their local or regional domains in the countries where they export, since initially perhaps their company is not physically located in the destination place, but perhaps in the future it will be, so your international department should evaluate what action to take in order to avoid future problems and third parties may use the name to obtain benefits, creating confusion in consumers. Other companies, for example, only register a single domain, for example: COM or Net and when they have a physical place of development of activities, they create accesses within their own web, for example: www.suempresa.com/argentina. Contact us for advice on the registration of your web domains.
5. How many years can I register my domain and SSL certificate?
Internet domains can generally be registered on an annual basis and in other cases can be registered for 2, 5 or even 10 years. SSL security certificates, the same.
6. How can I buy a web domain name?
Register as a User on our website, visit the domain name section and check the availability of the name. If it is available, start the online application. If you are interested in other web domain extensions, please fill out the domain inquiry form, so we can inform you about availability and prices.
7. What happens if I do not renew my web domain?
If the domain is not renewed by the expiration date, it is unfortunately cancelled and any third party may subsequently request it. In some countries there is a grace period of 30 days, paying additional penalty fees.
8. When I want to request my web domain, I find that it is not available, what can I do?
This situation has happened to entrepreneurs, even international companies have had to resort to the courts to recover and register their web domain. The cases may vary if the bad faith of the third party is proven, who knowing the existence of a certain trademark applies for the registration of a domain. We have advisory services for every situation and domain legal disputes, please contact us.
9. If I have registered a .com domain, can I claim a third party to hold a national domain?
Each situation and case must be evaluated; if there is an overlapping of brands, products and services, it will be evaluated what to do. The name to sell clothes is not the same as the name to sell tires, they are different items and it may coincide that they have the same brand name.
10. Do I have to have a website to register a domain name?
No; you can register and reserve a domain name until the web page is developed. Many new brands as a means of protection make both registrations simultaneously, so that any third party does not do it and avoid legal disputes and above all future expenses.
1. What benefits do I get from protecting under intellectual property?
Security:The work, whose copy enters the copyright registry, acquires, through the administrative act that signifies its admission, certainty of its existence on a certain date, its title, its author, translator and content. In the case of a contract, certainty of date, content and contracting parties.
Proof of authorship:
It is a presumption of authorship granted by the State, with a certain date of registration.
Elements of comparison:
El registro en la Dirección Nacional del Derecho de Autor, sirve de elemento de comparación en supuestos de plagio y piratería. En ese supuesto, el ejemplar de la obra depositada es remitido al Poder Judicial para su valoración.
Protection of the bona fide user:
The author of the work shall be presumed to be the one who appears as such on the certificate of registration, unless there is proof to the contrary. The publisher or producer who publishes the work according to the records kept by this National Directorate shall be exempted from criminal liability in the event of the true author claiming his rights.
Publicity of registered works and contracts:
The primary function of a registry is to make its contents known. The information benefits all those who have an interest in enforcing their rights against third parties and those who seek to ascertain the viability and legitimacy of a contract.
2. What are copyrights?
There are two types of copyright:
Moral rights, unwaivable and inalienable, such as the right of acknowledgment of authorship and the right of integrity of the work, among others.
Economic rights, transferable and of limited duration in time, basically exploitation rights, although there are others (for example, the right to remuneration for private copying).
3. What is registered?
The following unpublished or published works are registered: Cinematographs - Musical Compositions - Compilations - Choreographies - Drawings - Writings (books, pamphlets, etc.) - Sculptures - Phonograms - Photographs - Maps - Multimedia - Web pages, Architectural works - Dramatic works - Pantomimic works - Paintings - Plans - Radio programs - Television programs - Periodicals - Software - Videograms. Contracts related to these works are also recorded.
4. Are the works of foreign authors protected?
Yes, they are protected. The basic principle is that of reciprocity: National rules are applicable to works published for the first time in foreign countries, whatever the nationality of their authors, as long as they belong to nations that recognize intellectual property rights. As we are talking about the nationality of the author, works published on the Internet are protected in this way.
5. Is there any legislation applicable to works published in digital environments, such as the Internet?
The same rules that regulate Intellectual Property in general.
6. Can content published on the Internet be used freely?
The navigation and visualization of intellectual works on the Internet does not constitute a prohibited use. But for any other use, the provisions of the copyright holder must be respected. If the work has the copyright symbol © accompanied by a date and the author´s name, or the expression "all rights reserved", such content may not be used for any purpose other than simple reading, or the exercise of the right of quotation under the legal terms. If the works are licensed for other uses, it will be necessary to be to the expressly stipulated by the author, analyzing the text of the license.
7. Who owns the exploitation rights?
The exploitation rights belong exclusively to the author and may not be used without his authorization, except in the cases provided for by law.
8. What are copyright exceptions?
Also called limits, these are cases in which the law authorizes the exercise of acts of exploitation without the need for authorization by the holder of the rights.
9. What is the public domain?
When the exploitation rights expire, usually due to the expiration of their term, the works enter the public domain and may be used by anyone provided that their authorship and integrity are respected.
10. What is "copyright"?
It is the Anglo-Saxon formula to designate only the exploitation rights of a work, it does not refer to moral rights. The symbol © associated with a name indicates ownership of exploitation rights. It is usually, but not necessarily, followed by the expression "all rights reserved".
